Design and Construction of a Refracting Telescope
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
56-65
Received:
25 June 2014
Accepted:
15 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Most people see the telescope as the things for the movies, the science geeks and the rich and affluent, but are these feelings for real? This paper on the design and construction of an optical refracting telescope which is aimed at producing a low cost and portable telescope with less or no aberration effects using the materials we see around us every day goes a long way to answer the question that the telescope is for everybody that loves astronomy. Overall implementation of this work involves knowledge of the physics of optics; lenses to be precise. As a case study I used a double convex lens and the eyepiece of a microscope for the construction of the mini refractor telescope, my hypothesis is that using a double convex is better than using a Plano-convex because the two curved surfaces will cancel out the aberration effect of the individual sides. The resultant telescope was tested during the night and during the day and was used to focus objects at a distance of about 50m from the person with less aberration effect.
Abstract: Most people see the telescope as the things for the movies, the science geeks and the rich and affluent, but are these feelings for real? This paper on the design and construction of an optical refracting telescope which is aimed at producing a low cost and portable telescope with less or no aberration effects using the materials we see around us e...
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Universe: Not Expanding
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
66-70
Received:
21 October 2014
Accepted:
29 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Contrary to the widespread belief, the Universe is neither expanding nor contracting. What is taking place is the orbit dilation of the galaxies. The orbit dilation is a phenomenon that results from the mass creation due to energy to mass conversion occurring in galaxies. The absence of Universe expansion indicates that the origin of the Universe cannot be traced back in time to a hypothetical Big-Bang. The Orbit Dilation Theorem and the Orbit Acceleration Theorem that describe the mechanics of orbit dilation are derived under the axiom that the mass of a galaxy or a planet is time varying and never remains a constant. These theorems are then used to demonstrate how and why galaxies are moving away always at an accelerated rate. There is absolutely no space expansion hypothesis required for determining why the distance galaxies are moving away at an accelerated rate. The galactic and planetary orbits are dynamic and are always either dilating or contracting in accordance with the rate of change of the logarithmic mass, while orbit acceleration takes place in proportion to the second derivative of the mass with respect to time per unit mass; the galactic and planetary orbits never remain static. It is also shown that as a result of orbit dilation and orbit contraction, galaxies may occasionally come into collision course with each other; however, a singular cohesive collision of the galaxies leading to a Big-Bang is improbable because it is highly unlikely that the assumption required would be supported in the nature. Hubble’s velocity-distance relationship is obtained as a possible, but quite improbable special case of the Orbit Dilation Theorem; it is improbable because the assumption, the rate of change of logarithmic mass is a constant, that had to be made cannot be expected to satisfy in nature. The acceleration of a galaxy in Hubble relationship is the square of the Hubble Constant times the distance to the galaxy. The Orbit Dilation Theorem and the Orbit Acceleration Theorem are also used to analyze the behavior of the solar system. The orbit contraction is prevalent in planetary systems as a result of mass loss due to mass to energy conversion, especially due to radiation and non-renewable resource depletion. The earth’s orbit contraction leads to global warming, as well as, to the gradual shortening of the year. It is possible to counter balance the orbit contraction and resulting global warming by limiting the depletion of non-renewable resources, as well as by protecting and sustaining the mass creation or the energy to mass conversion that is naturally taking place in the bio-mass.
Abstract: Contrary to the widespread belief, the Universe is neither expanding nor contracting. What is taking place is the orbit dilation of the galaxies. The orbit dilation is a phenomenon that results from the mass creation due to energy to mass conversion occurring in galaxies. The absence of Universe expansion indicates that the origin of the Universe c...
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