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Sachs-Wolfe Effect Disproof – The Fundamental Flaw in the Spectral Analysis of Gravity Wells
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
1-17
Received:
14 December 2017
Accepted:
29 December 2017
Published:
30 January 2018
Abstract: The Sachs-Wolfe Effect, a popular wavelength modifying hypothesis involving galaxy clusters and cosmic voids, is based on the belief that a propagating photon gains energy (is blueshifted) during its descent into a gravity well and loses energy (is redshifted) during the ascent as it escapes from the gravity well. A straightforward proof exposes the underlying flaw ---a flaw that extends to the spectral analysis of gravity wells, and hills, in general. The argument is based on three undeniable properties; no reputable physicist refutes these. (1) The photon is not a point-like particle; the particle of light is an extended entity. (2) The three dimensional space of the Universe is not a region of nothingness. (3) Gravity’s influence on photons involves altering the propagation direction and changes to the wavelength. Remarkable agreement with observational evidence is presented. The logic of the arguments and the supporting evidence lead to truly profound implications for cosmology: The expanding-universe hypothesis is untenable. It turns out, we live in a Dynamic Steady State Universe.
Abstract: The Sachs-Wolfe Effect, a popular wavelength modifying hypothesis involving galaxy clusters and cosmic voids, is based on the belief that a propagating photon gains energy (is blueshifted) during its descent into a gravity well and loses energy (is redshifted) during the ascent as it escapes from the gravity well. A straightforward proof exposes th...
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MHD Fluid Flow of an Exponentially Varying Plasma Density in a Radiating and Slowly Rotating Hot Sphere
B. S. Tuduo,
T. M. Abbey,
K. D. Alagoa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
18-27
Received:
15 June 2017
Accepted:
6 July 2017
Published:
11 February 2018
Abstract: The study presents the effect of density variation on the flow structure of a plasma gas in a slowly rotating and radiating hot sphere. The problem which is solved by general perturbation method shows that the plasma temperature decreases to a minimum at a radial distance of 1.4 solar radii and then increased to a maximum value at a radial distance of 3.5 solar radii, for various radiation parameters, N2. The sudden increase in temperature profile when the radial distance is 1.4 solar radii, indicates the heating up of the upper regions of the solar atmosphere.
Abstract: The study presents the effect of density variation on the flow structure of a plasma gas in a slowly rotating and radiating hot sphere. The problem which is solved by general perturbation method shows that the plasma temperature decreases to a minimum at a radial distance of 1.4 solar radii and then increased to a maximum value at a radial distance...
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Unusual Eccentricity and Inclination Distributions of Trans-Neptunian Objects and Trans-Neptunian Binaries
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
28-37
Received:
23 January 2018
Accepted:
3 February 2018
Published:
26 February 2018
Abstract: The eccentricity and inclination of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) decrease significantly as radius of perihelion increases. Also, the percentage of TNOs in almost circular orbits with low inclinations increases dramatically with perihelion distance. These unusual distributions presented here cannot be explained by observational bias or the poorly determined orbits in the Kuiper belt. Instead, they may provide evidence about the origin of TNOs. Most theories are also unable to explain these strange orbital distributions. However, if TNOs passed close to Neptune because they migrated relatively quickly away from the Sun, their eccentricities and inclinations should both be inversely related to perihelion distance as shown. This TNO-migration theory can also help explain the origin of trans-Neptunian binaries (TNBs), and it accurately predicts the relationships between TNBs’ separation distances and their heliocentric perihelia, eccentricities, and inclinations.
Abstract: The eccentricity and inclination of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) decrease significantly as radius of perihelion increases. Also, the percentage of TNOs in almost circular orbits with low inclinations increases dramatically with perihelion distance. These unusual distributions presented here cannot be explained by observational bias or the poorly ...
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The Non-Uniform and Dynamic Orbits of Trans-Neptunian Objects
Robert B. Brown,
Scott R. Dahlke
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
38-43
Received:
8 February 2018
Accepted:
1 March 2018
Published:
19 March 2018
Abstract: Previously several authors have proposed the existence of one or more giant planets beyond Neptune to explain the non-uniform orbital elements for a dozen or fewer trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). However, as shown here, it is not just twelve orbits that are non-randomly distributed. The distribution of the longitudes of ascending node, Ω, for all of the known TNOs with perihelia beyond Neptune is also non-uniform, and this cannot be explained by observational bias. However, simulations show that Ω should become uniformly distributed within just three to five million years due to small perturbations from the known planets. Furthermore, the proposed Planet Nine cannot prevent this randomization. These results indicate it is plausible that TNOs have only been in their present orbits for a few million years or less, and there is no reason for giant, undiscovered planets to exist.
Abstract: Previously several authors have proposed the existence of one or more giant planets beyond Neptune to explain the non-uniform orbital elements for a dozen or fewer trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). However, as shown here, it is not just twelve orbits that are non-randomly distributed. The distribution of the longitudes of ascending node, Ω, for all o...
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