Spatial Pattern of Burglary in South Yorkshire Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Gaylan Rasul Faqe Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
1-11
Received:
3 January 2016
Accepted:
11 January 2016
Published:
23 January 2016
Abstract: Burglary is an offence committed against others’ property and it is considered a violent crime. Nowadays to monitor and detect burglary crime geographic information system (GIS) is used broadly. The aim of this study is to analyses spatial pattern and spatial dependency of burglary in the study area by applying GIS techniques. For understanding the crime pattern better and creating plans for preventing and reducing crime and using the resources and places, sometimes might make greatest differences; the identification of hotspots in time is very important. The data for this study obtained from the secondary data; boundary shape file of the study area, socioeconomic data and burglary data for November 2012 were gained. The outcome of the study shows that the distribution of burglary is clustered. It is clear from the results that the rate of burglary strongly affects the percentage of unemployed people; also the percentage of non-white and young people (aged 20-24) does not significantly correlate with burglary.
Abstract: Burglary is an offence committed against others’ property and it is considered a violent crime. Nowadays to monitor and detect burglary crime geographic information system (GIS) is used broadly. The aim of this study is to analyses spatial pattern and spatial dependency of burglary in the study area by applying GIS techniques. For understanding the...
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Variations of Crest-to-Trough TEC Ratio of the East African Equatorial Anomaly Region
Bosco Oryema,
Edward Jurua,
Nicolausi Ssebiyonga
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
12-20
Received:
21 December 2015
Accepted:
29 December 2015
Published:
2 March 2016
Abstract: In this paper, Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) data derived from dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at two ground stations were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study only focuses on analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) in the southern crest region. Data used in this study was obtained for the high solar activity year 2012. MAL2 station (Geomag Lat. -12.4°S, Geomag Long. 111.9°E) was considered for the southern crest region whereas ADIS station (Geomag Lat. 0.2°N, Geomag Long. 110.5°E) was considered for the trough region. Diurnal and seasonal variations as well as the dependency of TEC-CTR on solar activity levels were investigated in the present study. The results showed that the diurnal variation pattern of TEC-CTR is characterized by two remarkable peak values, one occurring in the post‐midnight hours around 02: 00-03: 00 UT (05: 00-06: 00 LT) and the second (highest) peak occurred in the post-sunset hours around 18: 00-20: 00 UT (21: 00-23: 00 LT). Seasonal TEC-CTR variations showed a semi-annual variation pattern, with maximum peak values occurring in the equinoctial months. TEC-CTR also revealed an existence of winter anomaly in this region, with higher values of TEC-CTR in the winter solstice than summer solstice. TEC-CTR in the daytime post-noon hours; between 01: 00-04: 00 UT (04: 00-07: 00 LT) does not vary much with the solar activity; however, TEC-CTR in the post-sunset hours; between 16: 00-20: 00 UT (19: 00-23: 00 LT) shows a clear dependence on the solar activity, with its values increasing with solar activity.
Abstract: In this paper, Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) data derived from dual-frequency GPS measurements obtained at two ground stations were used to study the variability of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The present study only focuses on analysis of the crest-to-trough TEC ratio (TEC-CTR) in the southern crest region. Data used in this s...
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